中国木兰属和含笑属导管分子的比较解剖

本文对我国木兰科的39种木兰属和含笑属植物次生木质部的导管分子进行了初步分析。两属导管分子的长度和宽度略有差异。木兰属中多数种的导管分于有单穿孔板,但有的可见到梯状穿孔板。含笑属植物的导管分子大多具有梯状穿孔板,仅有一种可看到单穿孔板。在具有梯状穿孔板的木兰属植物中,穿孔板的横隔数目较含笑属的多。木兰属的导管壁上一般无螺纹加厚;含笑属则相反。此外,在两属之间,导管尚存在一些其它差异。     

Reproductive and Pollination Biology of Magnolia and its Allied Genera (Magnoliaceae). I. Floral Volatiles of Several Magnolia and Michelia Species and their Roles in Attracting Insects

Abstract Volatile substances emitted from the flowers of eight Magnolia taxa ( M. sieboldii ssp. japonica, M. praecocissima var. praecocissima and var. borealis, M. tomentosa, M. salicifolia, M. obovata, M. denudata, and M. grandiflora ) and one Michelia species ( M. compressa ) (Magnoliaceae) were examined and identified using GC-MS. Volatile substances of these Magnolia and Michelia species consist primarily of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids produced by the mevalonate pathway, acetogenins by the acetate-malonate pathway, and phenyl-propanoids by the shikimate pathway. These Magnolia and Michelia species all possessed various combinations of volatile monoterpenoids, acetogenins, and phenylpropanoids, except for Magnolia obovata , which emitted primarily sesquiterpenoids. Free amino acids in pollen of 12 Magnolia and one Liriodendron species were also analyzed, and their value as food sources for pollinators evaluated.
Pollinators visiting the flowers of five Magnolia species were collected in their native sites and identified. Their behaviors and roles as pollinating agents were assessed.     

福建假稠李属一新种

<正> 直立灌木,高2—4米。冬芽卵形,除鳞片边缘密被睫毛状腺毛外,无毛。嫩枝被粉状微柔毛,二年生枝条灰褐色,无毛。叶卵形,在开花时长4—5厘米,宽2—2.5厘米,顶端短尖至尾状渐尖,甚部心形,边缘具重锯齿,锯齿和小齿,十分尖锐,叶面无毛,背面淡绿黄色,除脉腋有时被柔毛外,无毛,侧脉每边9—12条,直达齿端;叶柄长2—4毫米;托叶冬形,长1—1.5厘米,宽1—2毫米,除中部以上的边缘被睫毛状腺毛外,无毛。总状花序     

河南木兰属9种植物过氧化物同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳系统,测定了河南木兰属8种、1变种50多份的成熟叶片材料的过氧化物同工酶酶谱。测定结果表明,该属植物9种、变种的酶谱均有差异性,每种、变种均有特征酶谱,种间酶谱显著大于种内酶谱,根据其酶谱差异性,可以进行生物种、变种的鉴别和良种的选择。为免除其酶带Rf单一指标,鉴别生物种、变种可能出现的问题,作者创立了"酶谱多指标综合判断距离法"分析技术,首次将该属植物种、变种酶谱的酶带数目、Rf、酶带宽度及其活性强弱4个因子的差异性,进行编码联机、电脑运算分析,其结果与该属玉兰亚属内的玉兰派和辛夷派的形态分类相吻合。但是,从酶学观点不支持椭圆叶玉兰作为独立种的存在,以作为河南玉兰的变种为宜,也不支持河南玉兰派和腋花玉兰派的成立,以并入辛夷派为佳。     

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Ethanol Extracts from <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi and <i>Magnolia officinalis</i> against <i>Phytophthora nicotianae</i>

Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced. At present, the control of P. nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods, with considerable environmental and health issues. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and Magnolia officinalis (MO). On mycelial growth, sporangium formation, and zoospore release of P. nicotianae. Both extracts inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92% and 93.92%, respectively, at 40 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation, the reduction of zoospore number, and the destruction of the mycelium structure. At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL, the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were 98.66% and 99.39%, respectively. At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL, the production of sporangia and zoospores was completely inhibited. The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees of deformation and damage. Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling, whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae. Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect.     

白玉兰播种苗年生长规律的研究

本文通过对白玉兰一年生播种苗年生长进程的研究,阐明了苗高、地径的年变化规律,并拟合其生长模型,从而为生产上有效采取育苗措施提供科学依据．     

NaCl胁迫对白玉兰形态及生理特性的影响

为探究白玉兰对盐环境的耐受性,通过营养液培养法模拟盐胁迫,对不同胁迫强度下白玉兰的生长状态和生理生化应答特征进行测定分析。在整个胁迫过程中,幼苗受盐害症状最高等级为2级,即叶片出现变黄焦枯;随着胁迫时间的延长,幼苗叶片的相对电导率、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量呈上升趋势。叶绿素b含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性和POD活性呈先升后降趋势。叶绿素总量和叶绿素a含量在100和200 mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫下呈先升后降趋势,在300 mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫下呈下降趋势。白玉兰有一定的耐盐能力,可在轻度盐土栽培应用。     

常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花节律及营养效应研究

为系统掌握常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花物候节律,探讨其与营养物质的关系,本研究以6年生常春二乔玉兰为试验材料,观测其年生长发育节律、春夏季开花物候特性以及茎段营养物质的含量变化。结果表明：（1）每年12月始至翌年2月下旬为常春二乔玉兰休眠期。2月下旬花芽膨大生长,并于3月开始春季开花,花期持续约20 d。4月进行营养生长,5月完成花芽分化。5月底部分花芽膨大并于6月开始开花,夏季花期持续约20 d。7~9月为未膨大花芽的发育滞缓期。此外,少量夏季开放的花的基部侧芽再次分化形成花芽。10~12月随着落叶的开始,树体逐渐进入休眠期。（2）常春二乔玉兰营养生长后分化的花芽能够花开两季。春季开花为先花后叶,开花率为100%,开花同步率较高,雌、雄蕊发育正常,为可育花。夏季开花为花叶同放,开花率约为30%,且开花同步率较低,开放的花内雌、雄蕊发育异常,为不育花。（3）春季开花期间可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白呈下降趋势,淀粉含量于开花后期下降;夏季开花期间可溶性糖和淀粉总体呈先降后升趋势,而可溶性蛋白总体呈下降趋势。综上所述,常春二乔玉兰春、夏季开花期内开花模式存在一定差异,其显著节律特征与营养物质含量变化有关,推测低水平的可溶性糖及高水平的淀粉和可溶性蛋白有利于春季开花的启动,而低水平的可溶性蛋白及高水平的可溶性糖和淀粉含量则有利于夏季开花的实现。     

Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot. Leaf Polyphenols

Microwave‐assisted extraction was employed to extract polyphenols from the leaf of Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot . The yield of polyphenols was 2.44±0.02 % under the optimal conditions of RSM: acetone concentration of 70 %, ratio of solvent to material of 21 mL?g^?1 and extraction time of 16 min. The antioxidant activities were evaluated in terms of total antioxidant ability, reducing power, DPPH ^? and ^? OH scavenging activity. Results showed the polyphenols presented potential antioxidant activities, especially the stronger scavenging activity on ^? OH. In term of ^? OH scavenging activity, the IC₅₀ value of NKA‐9 purification was 0.335 mg mL^?1, equivalent to 35.23 % of V_C. The IC₅₀ values of crude extract and ethyl acetate extract were 0.580 and 0.828 mg mL^?1, equivalent to 60.99 % and 87.07 % of V_C. Results indicated that M. kwangsiensis leaf polyphenols present potential antioxidant activities that make it beneficial for human health by preventing or reducing oxidative damage.